|
Ramón Blanco Erenas Riera y Polo, 1st Marquis of Peña Plata (1833–1906) was a Spanish brigadier and colonial administrator. Born in San Sebastián, he was sent to the Caribbean in 1858 and governed Cuba and Santo Domingo. In 1861, he returned to Spain but was then sent to the Philippines (1866–1871).〔((1833–1906):BIOGRAFIA DEL GENERAL RAMON BLANCO Y ERENAS ). Xtec.es. Retrieved on 2011-08-02.〕 Afterwards, he returned to Spain and served in the Third Carlist War, where he attained the rank of brigadier. He served as captain-general of Navarre after taking part in the 1876 offensive in the valley of Baztan; he acquired his marquisate during this time.〔''Gaceta de Madrid'': (no. 88, p. 735 ). 28 March 1876.〕〔 He was sent to Cuba as captain-general in April 1879, and was involved in the Little War. He returned to Spain in November 1881 and served as captain-general of Catalonia and Extremadura.〔 ==Governor-General of the Philippines (1893 – December 13, 1896)== In 1893, Antonio Cánovas del Castillo sent him to the Philippines, where Blanco remained until December 13, 1896. Electricity had come to Manila in 1893. In 1895, Blanco announced in the 1895 Philippine Exposition that a great future is predestined for the archipelago. Blanco was forced to deal with the independence movement led by Katipunan. On the whole, Blanco adopted a conciliatory stance, seeking to improve Spain’s image in the face of world opinion.〔(Cristobal Cerrato: El joven Maeztu y la canalla periodística- nº 37 Espéculo (UCM) ). Ucm.es. Retrieved on 2011-08-02.〕 Nevertheless, he placed eight provinces under martial law. These were Manila, Bulacan, Cavite, Pampanga, Tarlac, Laguna, Batangas, and Nueva Ecija. They would later be represented in the eight rays of the sun in the Philippine flag. Arrests and interrogations were intensified and many Filipinos died from torture. When the revolution broke out, José Rizal was living as a political exile in Dapitan and had just volunteered to serve as a doctor in Cuba, where a similar revolution was taking place. Blanco permitted Rizal, who wished to dissociate himself from the Philippine Revolution, to serve in Cuba to minister to victims of yellow fever. Rizal nevertheless was arrested en route. Blanco could do nothing about it, for he had been forced out of office on December 13. The governor had been attacked by conservative forces (which included the so-called ''frailocracia''—the Dominican friars exercising more power than the civilian government) for being too conciliatory towards the Filipinos who sought independence; these parties had sent a complaint to Madrid.〔 Blanco was replaced by Camilo Polavieja (r. 1896–1897) as governor. Rizal was executed on December 30, an act to which Blanco objected.〔 Blanco later was to present his sash and sword to the Rizal family as an apology. Blanco had been defended by liberals such as Ramiro de Maeztu, who in an article dated July 24, 1898, declared: "But...Blanco, who in the Philippines, in the face of the opinion of the Junta of Authorities and the most illustrious and noble journalists, kept his troops in the capital for a long time, judging it more preferable to prudently remain in this position rather than die a glorious but pointless death...”〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ramón Blanco, 1st Marquis of Peña Plata」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|